Investigation Society
The latest Kangbuk Samsung Fitness Research is an effective cohort study of Korean folk, aged ?18 ages, who underwent a thorough yearly or biennial fitness test at the Kangbuk Samsung Medical Total Medical care Facilities within the Seoul and you can Suwon, Southern area Korea. twelve Really examinees (>80%) are teams of numerous enterprises and you may regional political teams as well as their spouses. In Southern area Korea, the Industrial Health and safety Legislation requires yearly otherwise biennial fitness evaluation inspections of all employees, no-cost.
Our data try limited by Kangbuk Samsung Wellness Studies professionals just who undergone a comprehensive health test out-of , and you may considering informed agree for linkage toward Medical health insurance Remark and you can Testing Provider databases (n=263 532; Contour step 1). Inside the Korea, medical care is actually structured less than a compulsory solitary?payer across the country insurance coverage program (Federal Medical health insurance) one to gathers all of the information about scientific properties fool around with covering the whole Korean inhabitants less than an intensive databases operated because of the Medical health insurance Feedback and you will Investigations Provider. 13
We excluded participants with missing data on BP or history of hypertension (n=1018), with history of malignancy (n=6255), with history of CVD (n=3440), or with a diagnosis of CVD (n=10 471) at baseline. Because some participants met >1 exclusion criterion, the final sample size included in the analysis was 244 837 participants (mean [SD] age, 39.0 [8.9] years; interquartile range, 32.2–43.7 years; and young adults aged <40 years of 60.7 %).
Created advised consent is actually extracted from all the participants. The study is authorized by the Organization Remark Panel away from Kangbuk Samsung Medical.
Specifications
Data on demographic characteristics, lifestyle factors, medical history, and family history of CVD were collected by standardized, self?administered questionnaires. 14 Smoking status was categorized as never, former, and current smoker. Alcohol intake was categorized as <20 and ?20 g/d, as applied in previous studies. 12 , 15 Education level was categorized as less than college and college education or more. Physical activity was assessed using the validated Korean version of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire short form. 16 Participants were classified as inactive, minimally active, and health?enhancing physically active. Health?enhancing physically active was defined as physical activity that meets either of 2 criteria: (1) vigorous?intensity activity on ?3 days per week, accumulating ?1500 metabolic equivalent min/wk; or (2) 7 days of any combination of walking, moderate?intensity activities, or vigorous?intensity activities achieving at least 3000 metabolic equivalent min/wk. 16 Usual dietary intake was assessed using a 103?item, self?administered food frequency questionnaire designed and validated for use in Korea. 17 Daily intake of sodium was calculated by multiplying the frequency of consumption of each food by the portion size and sodium content of each food and summing across all relevant food items. 18 , 19
Height and weight were measured by trained nurses. Body mass index was calculated as weight (in kilograms) divided by height (in meters squared). BP was measured does adventist singles work using an automated oscillometric device (53000; Welch Allyn, New York, NY) by trained nurses while participants were in a sitting position, with the arm supported at the heart level after a 5?minute rest. We recoded 3 consecutive BP readings and used the average of the second and third readings in the analysis. BP levels were categorized according to the 2017 ACC/AHA hypertension guideline. 11 Participants without a history of hypertension were categorized as normal BP (< mm Hg), elevated BP (120–129/<80 mm Hg), stage 1 hypertension (130––89 mm Hg), and stage 2 hypertension (? mm Hg). Participants with a history of hypertension were categorized as treated and strictly controlled hypertension (< mm Hg on antihypertensive medication use), treated and controlled hypertension (130––89 mm Hg on antihypertensive medication use), treated but uncontrolled hypertension (? mm Hg on antihypertensive medication use), and untreated hypertension (not using antihypertensive medications).
